营造良好吸声环境，济南音响效果立竿见影
如果有机会的话，最好能参观一下消声室、录音室等专业的吸声环境，那样可以开拓我们的眼界。至少也应当留意一下影剧院或其它有吸声设计的场所，吸取点有益经验。
If there is a chance, best can visit the acoustic environment of anechoic chamber, studio and other professional, it can broaden our horizons. At least it should also be noted that a movie theater or other sound absorption design places, to draw useful experience.
从原理上讲，如果在重放时要追求真正的原汁原味，就应当不受反射声的干扰，只听直达声。这样就需要有一个完全的吸声环境，而这往往是难以做到的(消声室造价昂贵，使用也不便)，因此通常是对房间进行部分的吸声，保留一些反射声并利用之。根据笔者对一些家庭听音环境的了解，大多数是没有采用吸声设计的，尽管其中有些家庭已使用了昂贵设备以至发烧线材。因此，在这些家庭中追求少部分的吸声是一种起码的选择，因为是从无到有，可以收到立杆见影的效果，那就是：明显减弱低频轰鸣声，并使声音变得更加清晰悦耳。对于已经采用少量吸声的家庭，则不妨向大部分吸声和均衡吸声努力，使设备能更接近高保真地重放出现场的声音。可以参考有关书籍，采用工程计算的方法来进行吸声设计。一般家庭听音室面积都不大，设计时宜将混响时间控制在06秒以内，越小越好，据此计算并选取适当的吸声材料。由于并不要求很准确，也可进行大致的估算。附图是笔者根据有关公式，按照15m2左右小听音室面积计算出的混响时间——平均吸声系统曲线，可供参考使用。
In principle, if the replay to pursue genuine authentic, it should be free from interference of the reflected sound, just listen to the sound. So you need to have a complete acoustic environment, which is often difficult to achieve (anechoic chamber is expensive, inconvenient to use, it is usually) part of the absorption of the room, keep some reflections and utilization. According to the author for home listening to understand the environment, most are not using the acoustic design, although some families have been using expensive equipment and fever wire. Therefore, the choice is a small part of the sound absorption at least in these families because of pursuit, from scratch, you can receive an immediate effect, it is obviously weakened low-frequency roar, and make the sound becomes more and more clear and beautiful. A small amount of absorption has been used for family, might as well to the most balanced sound absorption and efforts, so that equipment can be more close to the high fidelity sound reproduction field. It can make reference to the relevant books, using the method of engineering calculation of acoustical design. The average family room area is not large, the design should be the reverberation time control in 0. 6 seconds, the smaller the better, calculate and select the appropriate sound absorption material. Because does not require very accurate, can also be a rough estimate. The figure is the author according to the formula, according to the 15m2 about the small room area to calculate the reverberation time -- the average absorption curve of the system, can be used for reference.
根据振泉的经验和感受，认为通常房间内的吸声物总是不愁其多，只愁其少，因此在一般情况下也可不必计算，下面就谈谈这种不定量的吸声处理法。首先来看地面，不良的地面会使中低频反射过强，如果听音房室内已经铺有木地板，那是比较理想的，它的吸声特性较均匀。如果是硬地面，就应当铺上厚地毯。为了方便走动，地毯面积也可仅限于音箱和听音位置之间，关键是要有厚度，可借助在其下垫纸板、木板、纤维板等来实现。天花板和四墙用不同规格的穿孔板吸声材料来装饰。再配合少量软质吸声物，也可使频率特性均匀，但这需要对房屋进行装修。不方便这样做的居室，不妨采用更简单的做法：不处理天花板，仅在四墙悬挂吸声物，各种各样的软质材料，如棉、麻、丝、毛类或其它类纤维织品都是可用之物，各种泡沫塑料将其表面用美观的布匹装饰后也是不错的选择。举个例子来说，如果在墙上悬挂1mm厚的丝绒质(或其它类似质地的)窗帘布，它大约只能吸收1/5的声能(在中、高频段，低频更差)，其余的反射出去，这样将不能消除低频的共鸣。
According to the vibration spring experiences and feelings, that the sound absorption material is usually in the room is always worry about it, just worry less, so in general can not be calculated, here is the quantitative absorption method. First look at the ground, the ground will be bad in low frequency reflection is too strong, if the listening room has wooden floors, it is the ideal, it is uniform absorption characteristics. If the ground is hard, it should be covered with thick carpet. In order to facilitate the move, carpet area can also be limited to the speaker and the listening position, the key is to have the thickness can be realized with the cardboard, wood, fiber board. Ceiling and wall perforated sound absorption material with four different specifications of the decoration. With a soft sound absorption material, also can make the frequency characteristic of the uniform, but the need for housing renovation. This room is not convenient, can use more simple way: not only the suspension ceiling, sound absorption material in the four wall, all kinds of soft material, such as cotton, linen, silk, wool or other fabrics are available, all kinds of foam to the surface with a cloth decorated after it is also a good choice. For example, if in a wall hanging 1mm thick velvet matter (or other similar texture) curtain cloth, it can absorb only about 1/5 (low frequency sound worse in middle and high frequency band), the rest of the reflected, so will not be able to eliminate the low frequency resonance.
济南音响解决的办法有：窗帘布不要紧贴墙，留出10cm左右距离(空隙中宜挂其它吸声物)；窗帘布打折或多层悬挂；再配合使用低频吸声特性好的大型软质沙发等，就可达到一定的效果。这里顺便指出，在吸声特性不良的听音室内，是不宜使用那种硬木沙发的。由于各种材料的吸声特性会有不同，故最好能有选择地使用，目标是使高、中、低频得到对称的和均衡的吸收。附表1列出了几种常用材料的吸声特性，供参考。有的时候，也可结合自己设备的特点及爱好进行非均衡的吸收，例如有的人偏爱低音，而所用功放的输出功率又不够大，或者音箱的低频响应欠佳时，就可以适当地减少低频的吸收。这虽然不是普通意义上的高保真选择，但在器材本身存在某种缺陷时还是可以采用的。另外，由于音箱高频的指向性，听音人后面的墙及侧墙的后部对减弱高频近次反射声的作用要大一些，而对于消除低频共鸣，则前后墙的效果基本是一样的，不可偏废。
Ji'nan audio solutions: curtains don't cling to the wall, leaving about 10cm distance (the gap should be linked to other sound absorbing material); the curtain cloth discount or multi suspension; then with the use of low frequency sound absorption characteristics of large soft sofa, can achieve a certain effect. This way, the sound absorption characteristics of poor listening room, is not suitable to use the wood sofa. The sound absorption properties of various materials are different, so it is best to use selectively, the goal is to make the high, low symmetry and balanced absorption. Table 1 lists the sound absorption characteristics of several commonly used materials, for reference. Sometimes, also can be combined with the characteristics of their own equipment and interest to non balanced absorption, for example some people prefer the bass, and the output power amplifier and speakers is not big enough, or the poor low frequency response, can properly reduce the absorption of low frequency. Although this is not common sense of fidelity, but there are some defects in the equipment itself can still be used. In addition, due to high frequency of sound directivity, listen to the back wall and side wall of sound behind the bigger to reduce the high frequency in the reflected sound effects, and to eliminate the low-frequency resonance, front and back wall effect is basically the same, can not be neglected.
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